Railways and International Politics by T.G. Otte Keith Neilson

Author:T.G. Otte, Keith Neilson [T.G. Otte, Keith Neilson]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781134271351
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2012-09-10T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

The transliteration of Chinese names and terms follows the Wade-Giles system rather than the modern pinyin romanization to ensure some degree of uniformity with the contemporary sources on which this study is based.

1 For a negative assessment cf. E-tu Zen Sun’s classic Chinese Railways and British Interests, 1898–1911 (New York, 1954), and ‘The Pattern of Railway Development in China’, Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. xiv, no. 2 (1955), pp. 179–99. For revisionist interpretations, cf. Chi-ming Hou, Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1840–1937 (Cambridge, MA, 1965), pp. 127–30, and John E. Schrecker, Imperialism and Chinese Nationalism: Germany in Shantung (Cambridge, MA, 1971), p. 210. A post-revisionist critique is Ralph William Huenemann, The Dragon and the Iron Horse: The Economics of Railroads in China, 1876–1937 (Cambridge, MA, 1984), pp. 5–6 and 240–8.

2 Percy Horace Kent, Railway Enterprise in China: An Account of Its Origin and Development (London, 1907), p. 1.

3 Hou, Foreign Investments, pp. 62–3. For a survey of the construction data see Huenemann, Dragon and Iron Horse, appendix A.

4 As quoted in Kent, Railway Enterprise, p. 90. On the financial aspects of the treaty and the issue of foreign loans see Hou, Foreign Investments, pp. 23–4 and 236, fh. 4; also L.K. Young, British Policy in China, 1895–1902 (Oxford and Hong Kong, 1970), pp. 26–7; David McLean, ‘The Foreign Office and the First Chinese Indemnity Loan, 1895’, Historical Journal, Vol. xiv, no. 2 (1973), p. 304.

5 Tel. O’Conor to Kimberley (private and secret), 14 May 1895, Kimberley Mss, Bodleian Library, Oxford, Ms.Eng.c.4396; Kent, Railway Enterprise, p. 93. For later reflections on the phenomenon, cf. Ronald E. Robinson, ‘Railway Imperialism’, in Clarence B. Davis and Kenneth E. Wilburn (eds), Railway Imperialism (Westport, CT, 1991), pp. 1–5.

6 Michel Bruguiere, ‘Le Chemin de Fer du Yunnan: Paul Doumer et la politique d’intervention franchise en Chine (1889–1902), Revue d’Histoire Diplomatique, Vol. lxxxvii, nos. 2–4 (1963), pp. 23–61, 129–62 and 252–78, see especially pp. 145–52; Hou, Foreign Investments, p. 64.

7 Leopold II to Borchgrave, 14 Feb. 1899, as quoted in G. Kurgan-van Hentenrijk, Léopold II et les groupes financiers beiges en Chine: La politique royale et ses prolongments, 1895–1914 (Brussels, 1972), pp. 240 and 225–76; Arthur Lewis Rosenbaum, ‘The Manchuria Bridgehead: Anglo-Russian Rivalry and the Imperial Railways of North China, 1897–1902’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. x, no. 1 (1976), pp. 41–64.

8 I am following John Darwin’s argument, see his ‘Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion’, English Historical Review, Vol. cxii, no. 3 (1997), p. 632; also Rosenbaum, ‘Manchurian Bridgehead’, pp. 41–64.

9 Tels. Kimberley to O’Conor (confidential), 8 May 1895, Kimberley Mss, Ms.Eng.c.4396, and to Malet (no. 48, secret), 18 May 1895, TNA (PRO), FO 64/1352. On the DAB cf. Maximilian Müller-Jabusch, Fünfzig Jahre Deutsch-Asiatische Bank 1890–1939 (Berlin, 1940), and Karl Erich Bom, International Banking in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Leamington Spa, 1983), pp. 126–8.

10 Vera Schmidt, Die deutsche Eisenbahnpolitik in Shantung, 1898–1914 (Wiesbaden, 1976), p. 110.

11 A.H. Ganz, ‘The German Navy in the Far East and Pacific: The Seizure of Kiaotschou and After’, in John A.

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